Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a type of arrhythmia in which the heart beats irregularly and often rapidly. AFib affects millions of individuals around the world and can lead to a multitude of complications if not properly treated. While there is a lot of information on AFib, understanding what it actually is, what the symptoms and risks are, and what your treatment options are is incredibly important for everyone affected by AFib.
How AFib Affects the Heart
In a healthy heart, the electrical signals travel in an orderly fashion, the heart beats rhythmically. When a person has atrial fibrillation, however, these signals are disrupted and the heart begins to beat irregularly. The heart may beat too quickly, too slowly, or within an erratic pattern. AFib is not typically considered life-threatening, although effects of AFib may create serious complications, such as strokes. For example, AFib can lead to blood clots forming in the heart.
Recognizing AFib Symptoms
Symptoms of AFib can vary from person to person. Some people have very noticeable symptoms, and others may not feel any symptoms at all. Common symptoms of AFib may include:
- Heart Palpitations: Many people define this as a flutter or pounding in their chest which can be alarming.
- Shortness of Breath: You may feel like you are out of breath especially with some activity or even at rest.
- Fatigue: With AFib, it is common to feel tired or weak.
- Dizziness or Lightheaded: A sensation of feeling unsteady may happen to some people.
It is important to realize that AFib may occur in episodes or may be persistent, and that your symptoms could vary in intensity.
Risks Associated with Atrial Fibrillation
The most significant risk of suffering from atrial fibrillation is stroke risk. The irregular heart rhythm can cause blood pooling in the atria, which means a higher risk of blood clots forming in the heart. If a clot travels to the brain, this could cause a stroke. Research shows people with AFib are five times more likely to have a stroke than people without AFib.
AFib can also lead to other complications, like heart failure, or other heart-related issues. Additionally, prolonged AFib can also precipitate a decline in heart function overall, meaning these patients are likely to need more treatment.
Diagnosing Atrial Fibrillation
If you suspect you have AFib, you should see a healthcare professional. Diagnosis typically consists of a physical exam, medical history, and some tests which may include:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): This is a test to see the electrical activity of the heart, and can detect AFib.
- Holter monitor: A Holter monitor is a portable ECG monitor worn for 24-48 hours to observe how your heart functions.
- Echocardiogram: An ultrasound test can provide images of the heart and its functions.
Atrial Fibrillation Treatment Options
Lifestyle Changes
Lifestyle changes can be effective in helping to manage AFib. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight, getting regular exercise, and following a heart-healthy diet can help to lower symptoms and improve overall heart health.
Medications
Most of the time, the treatment of AFib employs medication in order to manage the heart rate and to prevent clots. Some medications that you may be given include:
- Beta-blockers: Beta blockers are used to slow your heart rate and can also help with AFib symptoms.
- Calcium channel blockers: These medications help control the heart rate.
- Blood thinners: For the prevention of stroke, the common medications Eliquis or Xarelto will usually be prescribed to help avoid the formation of blood clots.
Cardioversion
There are some situations when a procedure called cardioversion will have to happen. Cardioversion is used to restore a normal rhythm by electrically shocking the heart. It can be done electrically or chemically, based on the situation.
Conclusion
So, this shows how Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia and it can lead to serious health issues if left untreated for long. It is important for all to get a complete understanding of what AFib is and its symptoms to plan the right treatment and manage the condition well. If you suspect to have AFib, or have been diagnosed with it, consult your healthcare provider at the quickest to create an individualized treatment plan.
So, book your appointment not with AMC Hospital and get expert care and guidance on atrial fibrillation management.
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